General
Information about Engine
1. Text. INTURNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE
Internal
combustion is the process of burning of fuel within the engine. The fuel burns
within the engine and provides forces. These forces provide the engine power.
Internal
combustion engines have stationary, rotary and reciprocation parts.
Stationary
Engine Parts The stationary engine parts
are the cylinder block, the crankcase and the cylinder head.
The cylinder
block is one of the basic parts of the engine. The process of combustion takes
place within the cylinders. Tractor engines have some cylinders.
The
crankcase is a part of the cylinder. It supports the crankshaft and the
camshaft and keeps the lubricating oil near the engine parts.
The
cylinder heads close the cylinders. The cylinders and the cylinder heads form
the combustion chambers.
The
burning of fuel takes place within the combustion chambers.
Rotary Engine
Parts Rotary engine parts are the crankshaft, the flywheel
and the camshaft.
The
crankshaft changes reciprocating motion of pistons to rotary motion. The
camshaft opens the valves of the engine.
1.
Read and learn the topical words.
to burn (burnt, burnt)
|
спалювати
|
internal combustion
|
внутрішнє згорання
|
Stationary
|
нерухомий
|
Rotary
|
обертовий, ротаційний
|
Reciprocation
|
зворотно-поступальний
рух, дія у відповідь
|
Spark plug
|
свічка запалювання
|
piston
|
поршень
|
flywheel
|
маховик
|
cylinder head
|
циліндрична головка
|
combustion chamber
|
камера згорання
|
Crankcase
|
картер
|
pump
|
насос
|
Crankshaft
|
Колінчастий вал
|
Cam-shaft
|
Розподільний вал
|
Cam
|
вал
|
valve
|
клапан
|
Valve spring
|
пружина клапана
|
Inlet / intake valve
|
Впускний клапан
|
Exhaust valve
|
Випускний клапан
|
Rod
|
штанга
|
lubricating oil
|
мастило
|
2.
Fill in the blanks with the proper words from the box.
Cylinder
heads, camshaft, burning, crankcase, crankshaft, cylinder block
|
.
1.The … changes reciprocating motion of pistons to
rotary motion. 2. The … opens the valves of the engine. 3. The … is one of the
basic parts of the engine. 4.The cylinders and the … form the combustion
chambers. 5. The … of fuel provides forces. 6. The … keeps the lubricating oil
near the engine parts.
3. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
`1.The crankcase has the lubrication oil. 2. The
cylinder block and the crankcase are stationary engine parts. 3. The engine has
rotary parts. 4. The camshaft, the flywheel are rotary parts. 5. Crankshaft
changes motion. 6. Crankcases support crankshafts. 7. These forces provide
power. 8. The piston moves within the cylinder. 9. The cylinder head close the
cylinders. 10. The process of combustion takes place within the chamber.
4.
Form with the help of suffix – ion the nouns using the
verbs given below and translate them into Ukrainian.
To connect – connection – з’єднувати - з’єднання
To complete -… ………………. закінчувати - …
To act -
…
………………. діяти - …
To rotate - … ………………. обертатися - …
To convert - … ………………. перетворювати - …
To ignite - …
……………… .запалювати
- …
To lubricate - … ………………. змащувати - …
Circulate - … ………………. обертатися, циркулювати -…
To vibrate … ……………… вібрувати, коливатися - …
To compress - … ……………… стискати - …
5.
Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents of word –
combinations.
1.
Cylinder block
– a.
колінчастийвал і розподільчийвал
2.
Piston rings
– b. мастило
3.
Combustion chamber – c. обертальний рух
4.
Intake valves
– d.циліндрична головка
5.
Engine parts
motion – e.зворотньо – поступальний рух
6.
Fuel combustion
process – f.енергія двигуна внутрішнього згорання
7.
Internal
combustion engine power - g. процес
згорання пального
8.
Reciprocating
motion - h. рухомі частини двигуна
9.
Cylinder head
- i. впускні
клапани
10. Rotary motion -
j.камера
згорання
11. Lubricating oil - k. поршневі кільця
12. The crankshaft and the camshaft - l. циліндричний блок
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