Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. The Queen
is formally at the head of the state. Everything is done in
Queen’s name. But in fact the country is
ruled by the Parliament
consisting of two chambers (houses): the
House of Commons and the House of
Lords. The House of Commons is the lower House and the House of Lords is
the upper one. The Prime-Minister is head of the Government.
The members
of the House of Lords are not elected
by the population. The head of the
House of Lords is the Lord Chancellor and he sits on a special seat called the
Woolsack. This tradition dates back to the time when Great Britain became rich
for its textile and wool industry.
The members of the House of Commons are elected for a
period of 5 years. The House of Commons makes the laws for the country. The members of the House of Commons belong to
the different political parties and
the Government of the country is formed by the party which has the greatest
number of members elected to Parliament.
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. That means it has a monarch at the head of
the state. The monarch reigns with
the support of Parliament. But the
Queen’s power is not absolute. The
Queen reigns but doesn’t rule.
The Queen is very rich as well as other members of
their family. She has a lot of lands, palaces masterpieces of art. Her image appears on stamps, notes, coins.
She makes official visits to other countries. The Residence of Her Majesty the
Queen Elisabeth II is Buckingham Palace. The family of the Queen is numerous.
She has 3 sons and a daughter.
When the Parliament begins its work the Queen makes a
speech in the House of Lords. This ceremony is significant and picturesque.
Political System of the USA
The USA under the Constitution
is a republic. This means that its citizens elect those people who govern
them. The USA is also a democracy.
It means that the citizens have certain rights.
Under the constitution the federal government is divided into three branches:
the legislative, the executive and
judicial.
The legislative branch is made up of elected representatives from all the
states and it is the only branch that can make federal laws, declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. It consists
of Congress that is divided into
two groups called houses: the House of
Representatives and the Senate. The members of the House of Representatives
are elected for two-year period term. Each House member represents a district of his or her home state. The House has 435
members. The Senate has 100 members: two for each state. The Senators are
elected for a period of 6 years. Americans who are not yet 25 years old have no
rights to be elected to the House of Representatives and those who are under 30
cannot be elected to the Senate.
The main duty
of the Congress is to make laws. A law begins as a proposal called “a bill”. It is read, studied, commented
on and amended in the Senate or in
the House. Then it is voted upon.
The second branch of power is executive. The chief
executive of the United States is the President, who together with the Vice President is elected for a
four-year term. A President can be elected for only two terms. Election Day is
always in November on the first Tuesday of the month.
The President appoints the heads of the government
departments: Defense, Justice, Agriculture, Education, Energy, and others. He
also appoints federal judges, ambassadors
and is responsible for foreign
relations with other nations - he represents the United States abroad.
The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court.
Ukrainian Political System
Ukraine is a unitary,
sovereign and independent, democratic, social and legal state, a
parliamentary-presidential republic. The people are the bearer of sovereignty
and the only source of power in Ukraine.
The people exercise power
directly and through state authorities and local self-government bodies. The
power in Ukraine is carried out according to the principle of its division into
legislative, executive and judicial.
The executive power in the
country belongs to the Cabinet of Ministers, and the legislative power - to the
parliament (the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine). The supreme body of the judiciary
in Ukraine is the Supreme Court of Ukraine.
The President of Ukraine can
influence the work of all three branches of power. According to the
Constitution of Ukraine, the President must stop any of their actions that
violate the Constitution.
Constitution
of Ukraine
Shortly after the
proclamation of Ukraine’s independence, as a result of the 1991 referendum, a
parliamentary commission was organized in Ukraine to draft a new constitution.
June 28, 1996,
with the adoption of the new democratic constitution, a multi-party political
system (pluralism) and the legally declared fundamental rights and freedoms of
citizens of Ukraine, as well as the rights of national minorities of the
country, were introduced.
Various ethnic
groups of Ukraine are guaranteed the right to receive education in their native
language, to develop cultural life, and to use national languages ??in everyday
life. According to the Constitution, the state language of the country is
Ukrainian.
In the Crimea and
some regions of Eastern Ukraine, in everyday life and in official treatment,
the Russian language predominates. The Constitution also guarantees freedom of
religion.
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
The Verkhovna
Rada of Ukraine is the only legislative body of state power in Ukraine, which
has a collegiate structure and consists of 450 people’s deputies of Ukraine
elected for a period of 5 years on the basis of universal, equal and direct
suffrage by secret ballot.
The Verkhovna
Rada is the only legislative body authorized to pass laws in Ukraine. The
powers of the Verkhovna Rada are realized by joint activity of people’s
deputies of Ukraine at the sessions of the Verkhovna Rada. The Verkhovna Rada
ratifies international agreements and approves the budget.
The powers of
people’s deputies of Ukraine are determined by the Constitution and laws of
Ukraine. People’s deputies of Ukraine can voluntarily unite in factions,
provided that each of them includes at least 15 deputies.
As of January 18,
2017, there were 352 officially registered political parties in Ukraine.
However, most of them are small and not very popular in the broad strata of
society and are not able to win elections independently. Therefore, in order to
obtain a larger number of votes in the parliamentary elections, small parties
are often united into elective blocs.
Executive
Power in Ukraine
The President of
Ukraine is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. On the proposal of the
President, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine appoints the Prime Minister of
Ukraine, other members of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
The President of
Ukraine is the guarantor of state sovereignty, territorial integrity of
Ukraine, observance of the Constitution of Ukraine, human and citizen rights
and freedoms.
The Cabinet of
Ministers of Ukraine is the supreme body of executive power of Ukraine. It is
responsible to the President of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, is
under the control and accountable to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine within the
limits provided by the Constitution of Ukraine.
LEGISLATIVE
|
EXECUTIVE
|
JUDICIAL
|
|||
Responsibility
|
Make laws
|
Carries out
(executes) laws
|
Interprets the
constitution and reviews laws.
It determines
whether laws are in accordance with the Constitution.
|
||
Ukraine
–
parliamentary presidential republic
|
The Verkhovna
Rada
|
The President
&
the Government
(Cabinet of Ministers)
|
Supreme Court
&
Constitutional
Court
|
||
Great Britain – parliamentary monarchy
|
Parliament
|
Monarch
&
the Government (Cabinet of Ministers)
|
|||
The House of
Lords
|
The House of
Commons
|
||||
The USA
–
federal
republic
|
Congress
|
The President
|
Supreme Court
|
||
The House of
Representatives
|
Senate
|
||||
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